THE
CONSTITUTION OF INDIAParts-
PART I
THE UNION
AND ITS TERRITORY...Art.( 1-4 )
PART II
CITIZENSHIP...Art.(
5-11 )
PART III
FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS...Art.( 12-35 )
PART IV
DIRECTIVE
PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY...Art.( 36-51 )
PART IVA
FUNDAMENTAL
DUTIES...Art.( 51A )
PART V
THE
UNION...Art.( 52-151 )
PART VI
THE
STATES...Art.( 152-237 )
PART VII
THE STATES
IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE...Art.( 238 )
PART VIII
THE UNION
TERRITORIES...Art.( 239-243 )
PART IX
PANCHAYATS...Art.(
243-243zg )
PART IXA
MUNICIPALITIES...Art.(
243-243zg )
PART X
THE
SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS...Art.( 244-244A )
PART XI
RELATIONS
BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES...Art.( 245-263 )
PART XII
FINANCE,
PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS...Art.( 264-300A )
PART XIII
TRADE,
COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA...Art.( 301-307 )
PART XIV
SERVICES
UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES...Art.( 308-323 )
PART XIVA
TRIBUNALS...Art.(
323A-323B )
PART XV
ELECTIONS...Art.(
324-329A )
PART XVI
SPECIAL
PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES...Art.( 330-342 )
PART XVII
OFFICIAL
LANGUAGE...Art.( 343-351 )
PART XVIII
EMERGENCY
PROVISIONS...Art.( 352-360 )
PART XIX
MISCELLANEOUS...Art.(
361-367 )
PART XX
AMENDMENT
OF THE CONSTITUTION...Art.( 368 )
PART XXI
TEMPORARY,
TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS...Art.( 369-392 )
PART XXII
SHORT
TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS...Art.( 393-395 )
Schedules-
FIRST
SCHEDULE
[Articles 1 and 4]
I. THE STATES
II. THE UNION TERRITORIES
SECOND
SCHEDULE
[Articles 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125,
148(3), 158(3), 164(5),186 and 221]
PART A -- Provisions as to the
President and the Governors of States
PART B -- [Repealed.]
PART C -- Provisions as to the Speaker
and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and the Chairman and the
Deputy Chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
of the Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the
Legislative Council of a State
PART D -- Provisions as to the Judges
of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts
PART E -- Provisions as to the
Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
THIRD
SCHEDULE -- Forms of Oaths or Affirmations
[Articles 75(4), 99, 124(6),
148(2),164(3), 188 and 219]
FOURTH
SCHEDULE -- Allocation of seats in the Council of
States
[Articles 4(1) and 80(2)]
FIFTH
SCHEDULE -- Provisions as to the Administration and
Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
[Article 244(1)]
Part A -- General
Part B -- Administrative and control of
Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
Part C -- Scheduled Areas
Part D -- Amendment of the Schedule
SIXTH
SCHEDULE -- Provisions as to the Administration of
Tribal Areas in [the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram]
[Articles 244(2) and 275(1)]
SEVENTH SCHEDULE
(Article 246)
List I-Union List
List II-State List
List III- Concurrent List
EIGHTH
SCHEDULE -- Languages
[Articles 344(1) and 351]
NINTH
SCHEDULE -- Validation of certain Acts and
Regulations
(Article 31B)
TENTH
SCHEDULE -- Provisions as to disqualification on
ground of defection
[Articles 102(2) and 191(2)]
ELEVENTH
SCHEDULE -- Powers, authority and responsibilities
of Panchayats
[Article 243G]
TWELTH
SCHEDULE -- Powers, authority and responsibilities
of Municipalities, etc.
[Article 243W]
Appendices
APPENDIX I
The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir)
Order, 1954.
APPENDIX II
Re-Statement, with reference to the present
text of the Constitution, of the exceptions and modifications subject to which
the Constitution applies to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
APPENDIX III
Extracts from the
Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act,1978.
PART
I
THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY
ARTICLE
1. Name and
territory of the union
2. Admission or
establishment of new States.
2A. [Repealed.]
3. Formation of new
States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
4. Laws made under
article 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth
Schedules and supplemental incidental and consequential matters.
PART
II
CITIZENSHIP
ARTICLE
5. Citizenship at
the commencement of the Constitution.
6. Rights of citizenship
of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
7. Rights of
citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
8. Rights of
citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
9. Persons voluntarily
acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.
10. Continuance of
the rights of citizenship.
11. Parliament to
regulate the right of citizenship by law.
PART
III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
General
ARTICLE
12. Definition
13. Laws of
inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
Right to Equality
ARTICLE
14. Equality before
law.
15. Prohibition of
discrimination on grounds of religion,race,caste,sex or place of birth.
16. Equality of
opportunity in matters of public employment.
17. Abolition of
Untouchability
18. Abolition of
titles.
Right to Freedom
ARTICLE
19. Protection of
certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
20. protection in
respect of conviction for offences.
21. Protection of
life and personal liberty.
22. Protection
against arrest and detention in certain cases.
Right against Exploitation
ARTICLE
23. Prohibition of
traffic in human beings and forced labour.
24. Prohibition of
employment of children in factories, etc.
Right to Freedom of Religion
ARTICLE
25. Freedom of
conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
26. Freedom to
manage religious affairs.
27. Freedom as to
payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
28. Freedom as to
attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain education
institutions.
Cultural and Educational Rights
ARTICLE
29. Protection of
interests of minorities.
30. Right of
minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
31. [Repealed.]
Saving of Certain Laws
ARTICLE
31A. Savings of laws
providing for acquisition of estates etc.
31B. Validation of
certain Acts and Regulations
31C. Saving of laws
giving effect to certain directive principles
31D. [Repealed.]
Right to Constitutional Remedies
ARTICLE
32. Remedies for
enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
32A. [Repealed.]
33 . Power of Parliament to modify the rights
conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
34. Restriction on
rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
35. Legislation to
give effect to the provisions of this Part.
PART
IV
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
ARTICLE
36. Definition.
37. Application of
the principles contained in this Part.
38. State to secure
a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
39. Certain
principles of policy to be followed by the State.
39A. Equal justice
and free legal aid
40. Organisation of
village panchayats.
41. Right to work,
to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
42. Provision for
just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
43. Living wage,
etc., for workers.
43A. Participation
of workers in management of industries.
44. Uniform civil
code for the citizens.
45. Provision for
free and compulsory education for children.
46. Promotion of
educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and
other weaker sections.
47. Duty of the
State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve
public health.
48. Organisation of
agriculture and animal husbandry.
48A. Protection and
improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.
49. Protection of
monuments and places and objects of national importance.
50. Separation of
judiciary from executive.
51. Promotion of
international peace and security.
PART
IVA
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
_45[ 51A. Fundamental Duties.-
It shall be the duty
of every citizens of India-
(a) to abide by the
Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the
National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and
follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and
protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the
country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(e) to promote
harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India
transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to
renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
(f) to value and
preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and
improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life,
and to have compassion for living creatures;
(h) to develop the
scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard
public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive
towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that
the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.]
The President and Vice President
ARTICLE
52. The President of
India.
53. Executive power
of the Union.
54. Election of
President.
55. Manner of
election of President.
56. Term of office
of President.
57. Eligibility for
re-election.
58. Qualifications
for election as President.
59. Conditions of
President's office.
60. Oath or
affirmation by the president.
61. Procedure for
impeachment of the President.
62. Time of holding
election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of
person elected to fill casual vacancy.
63. The Vice-President
of India
64. The
Vice-President to be ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States.
65. The
Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual
vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of president.
66. Election of Vice-President.
67. Term of office
of Vice-President.
68. Time of holding
election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office
of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
69. Oath or
affirmation by the Vice-President.
70. Discharge of
President's functions in other contingencies.
71. Matters relating
to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.
72. Power of
President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in
certain cases.
73. Extent of
executive power of the Union.
Council of Ministers
ARTICLE
74. Council of
Ministers to aid and advice President
75. Other provisions
as to Ministers
The Attorney-General for India
ARTICLE
76. Attorney-General
for India
Conduct of Government Business
ARTICLE
77. Conduct of
business of the Government of India.
78. Duties of prime
Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
CHAPTER
II.-PARLIAMENT
General
ARTICLE
79. Constitution of
Parliament.
80. Composition of
the Council of States.
81. Composition of
the House of the People.
82. Readjustment
after each census.
83. Duration of
Houses of Parliament.
84. Qualification
for membership of Parliament.
85. Sessions of
Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
86. Right of President
to address and send message to Houses.
87. Special address
by the President.
88. Rights of
Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.
Officers of Parliament
ARTICLE
89. The Chairman and
Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
90. Vacation and
resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.
91. Power of the
Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to
act as, Chairman
92. The Chairman or
the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from
office is under consideration.
93. The Speaker and
Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.
94. Vacation and
resignation of, and removal from, the offices of and Deputy Speaker.
95. Power of the
Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to
act as, Speaker.
96. The Speaker or
the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution from office is under
consideration.
97. Salaries and
allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
98. Secretariat of
Parliament.
Conduct of Business
ARTICLE
99. Oath or
affirmation by members.
100. Voting in
Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
Disqualifications of members
ARTICLE
101. Vacation of
seats.
102. Disqualifications
for membership.
103. Decision on
questions as to disqualifications of members.
104. Penalty for
sitting and voting before maing oath or affirmation under article 99 or when
not qualified or when disqualified.
Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members
ARTICLE
105. Powers,
privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees
thereof.
106. Salaries and
allowances of members.
Legislative Procedure
ARTICLE
107. Provisions as
to introduction and passing of Bills.
108. Joint sitting
of both Houses in certain cases.
109. Special
procedure in respect of Money Bills.
110. Definition of
"Money Bills."
111. Assent to
Bills.
Procedure in Financial Matters
ARTICLE
112. Annual
financial statement.
113. Procedure in
Parliament with respect to estimates.
114. Appropriation
Bills.
115. Supplementary,
additional or excess grants.
116. Votes on
account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
117. Special
provisions as to financial Bills.
Procedure Generally
ARTICLE
118. Rules of
procedure.
119. Regulation by
law of procedure in parliament in relation to financial business.
120. Language to be
used in Parliament.
121. Restriction on
discussion in Parliament.
122. Courts not to
inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
CHAPTER
III.-LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
123. Power of
President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.
CHAPTER IV.- THE
UNION JUDICIARY
ARTICLE
124. Establishment
and Constitution of Supreme Court.
125. Salaries, etc.,
of Judges.
126. Appointment of
acting Chief Justice.
127. Appointment of
ad hoc Judges.
128. Attendance of
retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
129. Supreme Court
to be a court of record.
130. Seat of Supreme
Court.
131. Original
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
131A. [Repealed.]
132. Appellate
jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in certain cases.
133. Appellate
jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil
matters.
134. Appellate of
jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
134A. Certificate
for appeal to the Supreme Court.
135. Jurisdiction
and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the
Supreme Court.
136. Special leave
to appeal by the Supreme Court.
137. Review of
judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
138. Enlargement of
the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
139. Conferment on
the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.
139A. Transfer of
certain cases.
140. Ancillary
powers of Supreme Court.
141. Law declared by
Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
142. Enforcement of
decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
143. Power of
President to consult Supreme Court.
144. Civil and
judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.
144A. [Repealed.]
145. Rules of Court,
etc.
146. Officers and
servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.
147. Interpretation.
CHAPTER
V.-COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA
ARTICLE
148. Comptroller and
Auditor General of India
149. Duties and
powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.
150. Form of
accounts of the Union and of the States.
151. Audit reports.
PART
VI
THE STATES CHAPTER
I.- GENERAL
Art.( 152 )
CHAPTER II.-THE
EXECUTIVE
The Governor
...Art.(153-162)
Council of Ministers
...Art.(163-164)
The Advocate-General
for the State ...Art.(165)
Conduct of
Government Buiseness ...Art.(166-167)
CHAPTER III.-THE
STATE LEGISLATURE
General
...Art.(168-177)
Officers of the
State Legislature ...Art.(178-187)
Conduct of Business
...Art.(188-189)
Disqualificatins of
Members ...Art.(190-193)
Powers, Privileges,
Immunities of State Legislature and thier Members ...Art.(194-195)
Legislative
Procedure ...Art.(196-201)
Procedure in
Financial Matters ...Art.(202-207)
Procedure Genarally
...Art.(208-212)
CHAPTER
IV.-LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR
Art.( 213 )
CHAPTER V.-THE HIGH
COURTS IN THE STATE
Art.( 214-231 )
CHAPTER
VI.-SUBORDINATE COURTS
Art.( 233-237 )
CHAPTER I.- GENERAL
ARTICLE
152. Definition.
The CHAPTER II.-THE
EXECUTIVE
Governor
ARTICLE
153. Governors of
State.
154. Executive Power
of State
155. Appointment of
Governor .
156. Term of office
of Governor.
157. Qualifications
for Appointment as Governor.
158. Conditions of
Governor's office.
159. Oath or
affirmation by the Governor.
160. Discharge of
the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.
161. Power of
Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit 161 or commute sentences
in certain cases.
162. Extent of
executive power of State.
Council of Ministers
ARTICLE
163. Council of
Ministers to aid and advise Governor.
164. Other
provisions as to ministers.
The Advocate-General for the State
ARTICLE
165.
Advocate-General for the State.
Conduct of Government Business
ARTICLE
166. Conduct of
Business of the Government of a State.
167. Duties of Chief
Minister as respects furnishing of information to Governor,etc.
CHAPTER III.-THE
STATE LEGISLATURE
General
ARTICLE
168. Constitution of
Legislatures in States.
169. Abolition or
creation of Legislative Councils in States.
170. Composition of
the Legislative Assemblies
171. Composition of
the Legislative Councils.
172. Duration of
State Legislatures.
173. Qualification
for membership of the State Legislature.
174. Sessions of the
State Legislature prorogation and dissolution.
175. Right of
Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses.
176. Special address
by the Governor.
177. Rights of
Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses.
Officers of the State Legislature
ARTICLE
178. The speaker and
Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
179. Vacation and
resignation of and removal from the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
180. Power of the
Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of or to act
as,Speaker
181. The Speaker or
the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from
office is under consideration
182. The Chairman
and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.
183. Vacation and
resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
184. Power of the
Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to
act as, Chairman.
185. The Chairman or
the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from
office is under consideration.
186. Salaries and
allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy
Chairman.
187. Secretariat of
State Legislature.
Conduct of Business
ARTICLE
188. Oath or
affirmation by members.
189. Voting in
Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
Disqualifications of Members
ARTICLE
190. Vacation of
seats.
191.
Disqualifications for membership.
192. Decision on
question as to disqualifications of members.
193. Penalty for
sitting and voting before maing oath or affirmation under article 188 or when
not qualified or when disqualified.
Powers, Privileges, Immunities of State Legislature and thier
Members
ARTICLE
194. Powers,
privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and
committees thereof.
195. Salaries and
allowances of members.
Legislative Procedure
ARTICLE
196. Provisions as
to intriduction and passing of Bills.
197. Restriction on
powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.
198. Special
procedure in respect of Money Bills.
199. Definition of
"Money Bills".
200. Assent to
Bills.
201. Bills reserved
for consideration.
Procedure in Financial Matters
ARTICLE
202. Annual
financial Statement.
203. Procedure in
Legislature with respect to estimates.
204. Appropriation Bills.
205. Supplementary,
additional or excess grants.
206. Votes on
account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
207. Special
provisions as to financial Bills.
Procedure Generally
ARTICLE
208. Rules of
procedure.
209. Regulation by
law procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to
210. Language to be
used in the Legislature.
211. Restriction on
discussion in the Legislature.
212. Courts not to
inquire into proceedings of the Legislature.
CHAPTER
IV.-LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR
ARTICLE
213. Power of
Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
CHAPTER V.-THE HIGH
COURTS IN THE STATE
ARTICLE
214. High Courts for
States.
215. High Courts to
be courts of record.
216. Constitution of
High Courts.
217. Appointment and
condition of the office of a Judge of a High Court.
218. Application of
certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.
219. Oath or
affirmation by Judges of High Courts.
220. Restriction on
practice after being a permanent Judge.
221. Salaries, etc.,
of Judges.
222. Transfer of a
Judge from one High Court to another.
223. Appointment of
acting Chief Justice.
224. Appointment of
additional and acting Judges.
224A. Appointment of
retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.
225. Jurisdiction of
existing High Courts.
226. Power of High
Courts to issue certain writs.
226A. [Repealed.]
227. Power of
superintendence over all courts by the High Court.
228. Transfer of
certain cases to High Court.
228A. [Repealed.]
229. Officers and
servants and the expenses of High Courts.
230. Extension
jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.
231. Establishment
of a common High Court for two or more States.
CHAPTER
VI.-SUBORDINATE COURTS
ARTICLE
233. Appointment of
district judges.
233A. Validation of
appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges.
234. Recruitment of
persons other than district judges to the judicial service.
235. Control over
subordinate courts.
236. Interpretation.
237. Application of
the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.
PART
VII
THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE
238. [Repealed.]
PART VII.-[The
States in Part B of the First Schedule]. Rep. by the Constitution (Seventh
Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch.
PART
VIII
THE UNION TERRITORIES
ARTICLE
239. Administration
of Union territories.
239A. Creation of
local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union
territories.
239AA. Special
provisions with respect to Delhi.
239AB. Provisions in
case of failure of constitutional machinery.
239B. Power of
administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
240. Power of
President to make regulation for certain Union territories.
241. High Courts for
Union territories.
242. [Repealed.]
PART
IX
THE PANCHAYATS
ARTICLE
243. Definitions.
243A. Gram Sabha
243B. Constitution
of Panchayats.
243C. Composition of
panchayats.
243D. Reservation of
seats.
243E. Duration of
Panchayats etc
243F.
Disqualifications for membership.
243G. Powers authority
and responsibilities of Panchayats.
243H. Powers to
impose taxes by, and funds of, the Panchayats.
243I. Constitution
of finance Commissions to review financial position.
243J. Audit of
accounts of Panchayats.
243K. Elections to
the Panchayats.
243L. Application to
Union territories.
243M. Part not to
apply to certain areas.
243N. Continuance of
existing laws and Panchayats.
243O. Bar to
interference by courts in electoral matters.
PART
IXA
THE MUNUCIPALITIES
ARTICLE
243P. Definitions.
243Q. Constitution
of Municipalities.
243R. Composition of
Municipalities.
243S. Constitution
and composition of wards Committees, etc.
243T. Reservation of
seats.
243U. Duration of
Municipalities, etc.
243V.
Disqualifications for membership.
243W. Powers
authority and responsibilities of Municipalities etc.
243X. Power to
impose taxes by, and funds of, the Municipalities.
243Y. Finance
Commission
243Z. Audit of
accounts of Municipalities.
243ZA. Elections to
the Municipalities.
243ZB. Application
to Union territories.
243ZC. Part not to
apply to certain areas.
243ZD. Committee for
district planning.
243ZE. Committee for
Metropolitan planning.
243ZF. Continuance
of existing laws and Municipalities.
243ZG. Bar to
interference by courts in electoral matters.
PART
X
THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS
ARTICLE
244. Administration
of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
244A. Formation of
an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of
local Legislation or Council of Ministers or both therefor.
PART XI
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES CHAPTER I.-LEGISLATIVE
RELATIONS
Distribution of Legislative Powers
Art.(245-255)
CHAPTER
II.-ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS
General
...Art.(256-261)
Disputes relating to
Waters ...Art.(262)
Co-ordination
between States ...Art.(263)
CHAPTER
I.-LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS
Distribution of Legislative Powers
ARTICLE
245. Extent of laws
made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
246. Subject-matter
of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
247. Power of
Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.
248. Residuary
powers of legislation.
249. Power of
parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the
national interest.
250. Power of
Parliament with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of
Emergency is in operation.
251. Inconsistency
between laws made by parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the
Legislatures of States.
252. Power of
Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such
legislation by any other State.
253. Legislation for
giving effect to international agreements.
254. Inconsistency
between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
255. Requirements as
to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of
procedure only.
CHAPTER
II.-ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS
General
ARTICLE
256. Obligation of
States and the Union.
257. Control of the
Union over States in certain cases.
257A. [Repealed.]
258. Power of the
Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases
258A. Power of the
States to entrust functions to the Union
259. [Repealed.]
260. Jurisdiction of
the Union in relation to territories outside India.
261. Public acts,
records and judicial proceedings.
Disputes relating to Waters
ARTICLE
262. Adjudication of
disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys.
Co-ordination between States
ARTICLE
263. Provisions with
respect to an inter-State Council.
PART XII
FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS CHAPTER I.-FINANCE
General
...Art.(264-267)
Distribution of
Revenues between the Union and the States ...Art.(268-281)
Miscellaneous
Financial Provisions ...Art.(282-291)
CHAPTER
II.-BORROWING
Art.(292-293)
CHAPTER
III.-PROPERTY,CONTRACTS,RIGHTS,LIABILITIES,OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS
Art.(294-300)
CHAPTER IV.-RIGHT TO
PROPERTY
Art.(300A)
CHAPTER I.-FINANCE
General
ARTICLE
264. Interpretation.
265. Taxes not to be
imposed save by authority of law.
266. Consolidated
funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
267. Contingency
Fund.
Distribution of Revenues between the Union and the States
ARTICLE
268. Duties levied
by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States.
269. Taxes levied
and collected by the Union but assigned to the States.
270. Taxes levied
and collected by the Union and distributed between the Union and the States.
271. Surcharge on
certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.
272. Taxes which are
levied and collected by the Union and may be distributed between the Union and
the States.
273. Grants in lieu
of export duty on jute and jute products.
274. Prior
recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which
States are interested.
275. Grants from the
Union to certain States.
276. Taxes on
professions, trades, callings and employments.
277. Savings.
278. [Repealed.]
279. Calculation of
"net proceds", etc.
280. Finance
Commission.
281. Recommendations
of the Finance Commission.
Miscellaneous Financial Provisions
ARTICLE
282. Expenditure
defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues.
283. Custody, etc.,
of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public
accounts.
284. Custody of
suitors deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts.
285. Exemption of
property of the Union from State taxation.
286. Restrictions as
to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.
287. Exemption from
taxes on electricity.
288. Exemption from
taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.
289. Exemption of
property and income of a State from Union taxation.
290. Adjustment in
respect of certain expenses and pensions.
290A. Annual payment
to certain Devaswom Funds.
291. [Repealed.]
CHAPTER
II.-BORROWING
ARTICLE
292. Borrowing by
the Government of India.
293. Borrowing by
States.
CHAPTER
III.-PROPERTY,CONTRACTS,RIGHTS,LIABILITIES,OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS
ARTICLE
294. Succession to
property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.
295. Succession to
property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases.
296. Property
accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia.
297. Things of value
within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive
economic zone to vest in the Union.
298. Power to carry
on trade, etc.
299. Contracts.
300. Suits and
proceedings.
CHAPTER IV.-RIGHT TO
PROPERTY
ARTICLE
300A. Persons not to
be deprived of property save by authority of law.
PART
XIII
TRADE,COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA
ARTICLE
301. Freedom of
trade commerce and intercourse.
302. Power of
Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse
303. Restrictions on
the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and
commerce.
304. Restriction on
trade, commerce and intercourse among States.
305. Saving of
existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.
306. [Repealed.]
307. Appointment of
authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.
PART
XIV
SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES CHAPTER I.-SERVICES
ARTICLE
308. Interpretation.
309. Recruitment and
conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.
310. Tenure of
office of persons serving the Union or a State.
311. Dismissal,
removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the
Union or a State.
312. All India
services
312A. Power of
Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of services of officers of certain
services.
313. Transitional provisions.
314. [Repealed.]
CHAPTER II.-PUBLIC
SERVICE COMMISSIONS
ARTICLE
315. Public Service
Commissions for the Union and for the States
316. Appointment and
term of office of members.
317. Removal and
suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
318. Power to make
regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.
319. Prohibition as
to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such
members.
320. Functions of
Public Service Commission.
321. Power to extend
functions of Public Service Commissions.
322. Expenses of
Public Service Commissions.
323. Reports of
Public Service Commissions.
PART
XIVA
TRIBUNALS
ARTICLE
323A. Administrative
tribunals
323B. Tribunals for
other matters.
PART
XV
ELECTIONS
ARTICLE
324.
Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election
Commission.
325. No person to be
ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral
roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
326. Elections to
the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on
the basis of adult suffrage.
327. Power of
Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.
328. Power of
Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such
Legislature.
329. Bar to
interference by courts in electoral matters.
329A. [Repealed.]
PART
XVI
SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES
ARTICLE
330. Reservation of
seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
331. Representation
of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People.
332. Reservation of
seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies
of the States.
333. Representation
of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
334. Reservation of
seats and special representation to cease after [fifty years]
335. Claims of
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.
336. Special
provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services.
337. Special
provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian
community
338. National
Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
339. Control of the
Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled
Tribes.
340. Appointment of
a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.
341. Scheduled
Castes.
342. Scheduled
Tribes.
PART
XVII
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE CHAPTER I.-LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
ARTICLE
343. Official
language of the Union.
344. Commission and
Committee of Parliament on official language.
CHAPTER II.-REGIONAL
LANGUAGES
ARTICLE
345. Official
language or languages of a State.
346. Official
language for communication between one State and another or between a State and
the Union.
347. Special
provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of State.
CHAPTER
III.-LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT,HIGHCOURTS, ETC.
ARTICLE
348. Language to be
used in the supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.
349. Special
procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.
CHAPTER IV.-SPECIAL
DIRECTIVES
ARTICLE
350. Language to be
used in representations for redress of grievances.
350A. Facilities for
instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.
350B. Special
Officer for linguistic minorities.
351. Directive for
development of the Hindi language.
PART
XVIII
EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
ARTICLE
352. Proclamation of
Emergency.
353. Effect of
proclamation of Emergency.
354. Application of
provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of
Emergency is in operation.
355. Duty of the
Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.
356. Provisions in
case of failure of constitutional machinery in States.
357. Exercise of
legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356.
358. Suspension of
provisions of article 19 during emergencies.
359. Suspension of
the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies.
359A. [Repealed.]
360. Provisions as
to financial emergency.
PART
XIX
MISCELLANEOUS
ARTICLE
361. Protection of
President and Governors and Rajpramukhs.
361A. Protection of
publication and Proceedings of parliament and State legislatures
362. [Repealed.]
363. Bar to
interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements,
etc.
363A. Recognition
granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.
364. Special
provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.
365. Effect of
failure to comply with, or to give effect to directions given by the Union.
366. Definition.
367. Interpretation.
PART
XX
AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
368 [_349[Power of
Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.]-
_350[(1)
Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may in exercise of
its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any
provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down in this
article.]
_351[(2)] An
amendment of this Constitution may be initiated only by the introduction of a
Bill for the purpose in either House of Parliament, and when the Bill is passed
in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a
majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and
voting, _352[ it, shall be presented to the President who shall give his assent
to the Bill and thereupon] the Constitution shall stand amended in accordance
with the terms of the Bill:
Provided that if
such amendment seeks to make any change in-
(a) article 54,
article 55, article 73, article 162 or article 241, or
(b) Chapter IV of
Part V, Chapter V of Part VI, or Chapter I of Part XI, or
(c) any of the Lists
in the Seventh Schedule, or
(d) the
representation of States in Parliament, or
(e) the provisions
of this article, the amendment shall also require to be ratified by the
Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States _353*** by resolutions to
that effect passed by those Legislatures before the Bill making provision for
such amendment is presented to the President for assent. _354[(3) Nothing in
article 13 shall apply to any amendment made under this article.] _355[(4) No
amendment of this Constitution (including the provisions of Part III) made or
purporting to have been made under this article [whether before or after the
commencement of section 55 of the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act,
1976] shall be called in question in any court on any ground.
(5) For the removal
of doubts, it is hereby declared that there shall be no limitation whatever on
the constituent power of Parliament to amend by way of addition, variation or
repeal the provisions of this Constitution under this article.]
PART
XXI
TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS
ARTICLE
369. Temporary power
to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as
if they were matters in the Concurrent List.
370. Temporary
provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
371. Special
provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
371A. Special
provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
371B. Special
provision with respect to the State of Assam
371C. Special
provision with respect to the State of Manipur
371D. Special
provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh.
371E. Establishment
of Central University in Andhra Pradesh
371F. Special
provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim
371G. Special
provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.
371H. Special
provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.
371I. Special
provision with respect to the State of Goa.
372. Continuance in
force of existing laws and their adaptation.
372A. Power of the
President to adapt laws.
373. Power of
President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in
certain cases.
374. Provisions as
to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or
before His Majesty in Council.
375. Courts,
authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of
the Constitution.
376. Provisions as
to Judges of High Courts.
377. Provisions as
to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
378. Provisions as
to Public Service Commissions.
378A. Special
provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
379-391. [Repealed.]
392. Power of the
President to remove difficulties.
PART
XXII
SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS
ARTICLE
393. Short title.
394. Commencement.
394A. Authoritative
text in the Hindi language.
395. Repeals.
Thanks to:-
Mr Senthil P
Serving @ Army Postal Service Corps
Thanks to:-
Mr Senthil P
Serving @ Army Postal Service Corps
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